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UNIFORM EDITIONS 



RUDDER^ONe^SERIES 

Bound in blue buckram and gold, j2w/o, illustrated 

ON YACHTS AND YACHT HANDLING. By 

Thomas Fleming Day. Price $i. 

ON MARINE MOTORS AND MOTOR LAUNCHES. 
By E. W. Roberts, M. E. Price $i. 

ON YACHT ETIQUETTE. Second Edition Re\'ised. 
Bv Captain Howard Patterson. Price $i. 

SOUTHWARD BY THE INSIDE ROUTE. Re- 
print from The Rudder. 



RUDDER^HOW-TO^SERIES 

Bound in blue buckram and gold, 8vo, illustrated 

HOW TO BUILD A SKIPJACK. Reprint from The 

Rudder. Price §i. 
HOW TO BUILD A RACER FOR $50. Reprint from 

The Rudder. Price $1. 
HOW TO BUILD A MOTOR LAUNCH. By Chas. 

D. Mower. Price $1. 
HOW TO BUILD A KNOCKABOUT. By Chas. D. 

Mower. Price $1. 
HOW TO BUILD A RACING SLOOP. By Chas. D. 

Mower. Price $1. 
HOW TO BUILD A SHOAL-DRAUGHT SLOOP. 

Reprint from The Rudder. Price $1. 
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HOW TO BUILD A MODEL YACHT. By Herbert 

Fisher. Price $1. 



On 



Yacht Etiquette : 

What To Do, and How to Do It. Courtesies, 

Discipline, Ceremonies and Routine for 

Any and All Circumstances. 

Duties of Officers, etc. 



BY 

CAPTAIN HOWARD PATTERSON, 

Principal of the New York Nautical College, 

formerly Ctmmander of the New York School Ship '^St. Marys'\ 

Master of Various Sail and Steam Yachts^ 

and Admiral of the Haytien Navy. 

AUTHOR OF 

r 

J he Navigator* s Pocket Book; Yachting Under American Statute; The 

Illustrated Nautical Encyclopedia ; The Yachtsman's ICedge Anchor ; 

Yacht Sails; Hand Book for Masters and Mates, etc. 



»55 3 J 3-)l 

— 5 a-3 3 J , 

' 1 3 J 



REVISED EbftlbN 



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NEW YORK AIslD LONOOK - '^ '^' ^ ^ >.. ^^^ ^3^ 
The Rudder Publishing Company 

1903 



TViE Library of 

CONGRESS, 
Two Copies Received 

JUN 15 1903 

Copyright Entry 

huM f U/<^^ 5 

CLAS1> cu XXc N« 

^ ^ 3 b 

COPY B, 






COPYRIGHT, 1903, 



Captain Howard Patterson 



LC Control Number 



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tmp96 026033 



PRESS OF 

Thomson & Co. 

9 MURRAY ST., 
NEW YORK. 



-4 



TO 

HOWARD GOULD, Esq., 

(New York Yacht Club) 

THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED BY HIS FRIEND, 

THE AUTHOR, 



PREFACE 



IT is to be understood that the owner of the yacht is 
styled as '* Captain" throughout this treatise, and 
it is eminently proper that this should be, as the 
Government prescribes that the owner of a yacht is 
entitled to take out her custom house and other papers 
as the lawful and legalized '' Master " of his vessel. 

It being impracticable to follow out naval rules strictly 
in the matter of salutes, courtesies, ceremonies, etc., 
a modification of the same has been arranged which will 
cover the requirements of yachting and contribute dignity 
to such observances as are called for in the foregoing. 

As stated under the head of "Duties and Responsi- 
bilities of Officers" the rules and regulations laid down 
specially refer to the larger class of steam yachts, but it 
is explained that these laws may be modified to apply to 
smaller classes of pleasure vessels. 



CONTENTS 

Colors IN General il 

Special Lights 27 

Official Ceremonies and Courtesies 29 

Salutes in General 41 

Boat Service .47 

Government of the Yacht 56 

Duties and Responsibilities of Officers 65 

Synopsis of U. S. Yachting Laws , . . 82 



YACHT ETIQUETTE 




CLUB BURGEE 




COMMODORE'S 
FLAG 



7 




YACHT ENSIGN 




\ 




UNION JACK 



PRIVATE SIGNAL 



\-- 




CHURCH FLAG 



ABSENCE FLAG 




OWNER'S 
MEAL FLAG 



CREW'S 
MEAL FLAG 



COLORS IN GENERAL. 



Details Concerning Yacht Flags, and How They 
Are Used. 

The pennant is a triangular shaped flag, and is used 
for the club burgee. The swallowtail is used for the 
captain's (owner's) private signal. The rectangular flag 
is used principally for flag-officers' distinguishing flags. 
The shape of the bunting will generally signify whethei 
the flag is that of the club, of a flag officer or of a captain. 
The bunting used for flag-officers' distinguishing flags is 
colored — -blue for commodore, red for vice-commodore, 
and white for rear-commodore. 

Time to Make Colors — Place to Display Same. 

When at anchor or underway, the ensign and colors 
of a yacht in commission should be hoisted at 8 a. m. 
and kept flying until sunset (local time). This does not 
apply to a flag officer, who should display his official flag 
continuously (day and night) while in commission. 
When at anchor the ensign is hoisted on the flagpole at 



12 

the stern of both steam and sail yachts, and when under- 
way it is hoisted to the after gaff-end on saiHng vessels ; 
but is retained on the pole in the case of steam yachts, 
although it may be hoisted to the gaff-end if desired. 
The burgee should be hoisted to the foretopmast head on 
schooners, and the private signal at the maintopmast. In 
the case of yawls, the ensign may be hoisted to the miz- 
zenmast head, both when at anchor and when underway, 
and the burgee may be hoisted to the mainmast head when 
at anchor and the private flag when underway, the same 
as on cutters, sloops and catboats, or the yawl may be 
considered as a schooner and the bunting displayed as 
for the latter vessel. In the case of a launch the burgee 
should be flown from the bow pole. Flag officers' signals 
should be flown from the truck of a cutter, sloop or cat- 
boat, the main truck of a schooner, yawl or steamer, and 
the bow pole of a launch. The church pennant is hoisted 
over the ensign during divine service. (See ''Colors to 
be Flown in Yacht's Boats.") 

Sexior Officer Present to Give the Time for Colors 
AND Sunset. 

The time for making colors and sunset should be 
taken from the senior officer's yacht present, whether he 
is on board or not, and the only gun fired for colors and 
sunset should be the one on such senior's yacht. 



• 13 

At Anchor With Naval Vessel or Off a Naval 
Station. 

When a yacht is in company with a vessel of her own 
navy, or at anchor off a naval station, she should regulate 
the time for colors and sunset to such vessel or station. 

V^isiTiNG Home Waters of Another Yacht Club. 

Yachts visiting the home waters of another club (pro- 
vided such waters are other than their own) should take 
their time for colors and sunset from the yacht of the 
senior officer of such club present. 

Entering or Leaving Port Before Colors or After 
Sunset. 

When a yacht enters port in the morning before col- 
ors are made, or in the evening after sunset, her ensign, 
club burgee and private signal should be displayed and 
kept flying until the yacht comes to anchor, when they 
should be hauled down — provided there be sufficient light 
for the colors to be recognized. 

Night Pennant. 

During the night (between sunset and colors) the 
yacht should fly a night pennant at the maintopmast head. 



^4 

or in the case of a three-mast vessel, at the mizzenmast 
head — except in the case of flag officers. 

Absent Flag. 

During the absence of the captain from the yacht, a 
blue rectangular flag (called Absent Flag) should be 
kept flying from daylight until dark at the starboard main 
spreader of a fore-and-aft vessel, or on the starboard main- 
yard arm of a square-rigged vessel. The private signal 
(or flag officer's pennant), however, is to be kept flying 
whether the captain is on board or not. 



fe> 



Single Stickers — Where, When and How to Fly 
Burgee and Private Signal. 

Single-masted vessels should not fly the private signal 
on the same halliards as the club burgee. \Mien at an- 
chor the club burgee should be displayed, and when 
underway the private signal, except when on the annual 
cruise of the club, when the club burgee should be flown 
both at anchor and underway. 

Meal Pennants. 

]\Ieal Pennants may be hoisted during hours when 
the colors are not displayed. 

During the meal hours of the captain, when the yacht 
is at anchor, a white rectangular flag should be flown at 



15 

the starboard main spreader, and when same is exhibited, 
guests are politely debarred. During the meal hours of 
the crew a red pennant should be flown from the port fore 
spreader, and at such times boat crews should not be 
called away unnecessarily. Of course, on a ''single- 
sticker'' the white flag and red meal pennant must both 
be flown from the same mast, but they will be exhibited 
on their proper sides. After dark a white light should be 
shown from the starboard main spreader to indicate that 
the captain is at dinner. Aleal flags should not be flown 
when the yacht is underway. In a square-rigged yacht 
the captain's meal pennant should be flown from the star- 
board main yard arm, and the crew's meal pennant at the 
port fore yard arm. (See Dinner Light.) 

Colors to be Flown in Yacht's Boats. 

The yacht's gig, launch, etc., when brought to the 
gangway or when away from the yacht, shall display the 
ensign at the stern. While the captain is in the boat, the 
private signal should be displayed at the bow. If a club 
member is in the boat without the captain, a club burgee 
should be displayed at the bow. 

Ensign to be Exhibited When Passing Naval Ves- 
sels, Lighthouses, Military Posts, etc. 
The yacht ensign should be exhibited when at sea on 



i6 

falling in with naval vessels, or when approaching light- 
ships, lighthouses, signal stations and military posts. 

Flag Officer's Pennant. 

Flag officers fly a pennant at the main on yachts and 
on the forward flagstaff of gigs, to distinguish their 
rank. These pennants take the place of the yacht's pri- 
vate signal. 

Yacht Short-Handed. 

If the yacht is short-handed, two flags may be bent on 
to the same set of halliards, so that while one flag is being 
sent aloft the other may be coming down. 

Burgee and Private Signal May be Broken Out. 

The club burgee and private signal may be ''made up" 
and mast-headed previous to colors, and ''broken out" 
when the signal for colors is given, but the ensign should 
never be made up and broken out. 

Colors to be Well-Hoisted. 

Daylight should never show between the head of a 
flag and the truck. 

Mastless Yachts. 

On mastless yachts the colors are exhibited on staffs 
placed forward and aft. 



17 



National Mourning. 



On occasions of national mourning the ensign should 
be half-masted, but the burgee and private signal should 
be kept mast-headed, unless the official was a member of 
the club whose flag you are flying, in which case the 
club burgee should be half-masted. 

Death of Captain. 

In the event of the death of the captain on shore, both 
the club burgee and private signal of his yacht should be 
kept half-masted from colors until sunset on the day of 
his funeral, but the ensign should be kept fully hoisted 
during the same time. If, on the other hand, the death 
should occur on board while the yacht is in port, then the 
ensign also should be half-masted as soon as the body 
leaves the vessel for the shore, and the ensign should be 
kept so flying until sunset of the same day. Should the 
burial of the Captain take place at sea, then the ensign 
of the vessel and the captain's private signal should be 
displayed at half-mast at the commencement of the cere- 
mony and kept flying until its conclusion, when the 
ensign and private signal should be hauled down. 

Death of Flag Officer. 
On the occasion of the death of a flag officer while his 



i8 

yacht is in port, his pennant should be hauled down at 
sunset on the day of his funeral, and should not be again 
hoisted — the yacht's private signal taking its place. If 
the funeral takes place at sea, then the pennant should be 
hauled down w^ith the ensign at the conclusion of the cere- 
monies. 

Death of Club Member. 

When mourning is ordered for the death of a club 
member, the burgee only is half-masted, and this should 
be observed whether imderway or at anchor. 

How^ TO Half-Mast Colors. 

The ensign, burgee and private signal (also flag offi- 
cer's pennant) should always be mast-headed before they 
are half-masted. 

Saluting With Ensign at Half-Mast. 

Whenever it becomes necessary to salute with the en- 
sign w^hile it is flying at half-mast, it must be mast-headed 
before it is dipped, and mast-headed again before it is 
half-masted after the salute. 

Hauling Dow^n Half-Mast Colors. 

Before hauling down half-masted colors, always mast- 
head them first. 



19 

Death of One of the Crew. 

In the event of the death of the saiHng-master, mate, 
or other officer, or one of the crew at sea, the ensign of the 
yacht should be half-masted during the funeral ceremony. 
Should the death of one of the above occur on board while 
the yacht is in port, then the ensign should be half-masted 
from the time that the body leaves the yacht until the 
return of the boat that conveyed the body to the shore. 

Permission to Half-Mast Colors to be Obtained. 

No yacht of a fleet other than that of the senior officer 
present should ever half-mast her colors until permission 
to do so has been obtained. 

Hours for Half-Masting Colors. 

Funeral honors in the way of half-masting colors 
should not be paid before sunrise nor after sunset. 

Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony. 

When a boat is engaged in funeral ceremonies in con- 
veying a body to the shore, the ensign in the stern should 
be kept half-masted until the body is landed. 

AIaking Colors. 

About five minutes before colors, have the club and 
private signals, night pennant and ensign halliards 



20 

manned, the boat-boom guys tended, and a hand stationed 
at the ship's bell. As soon as the signal is given for col- 
ors, call: "Strike eight bells aiid hoist away!" At this 
instant swing out the boat booms, haul down the night 
pennant, and send aloft the buntmg. The flags may be 
sent up in stops before eight bells, and broken out on the 
first stroke of the bell, but the ensign should never be 
broken out, and should be hoisted slowly. 

Making Sunset. 

About fifteen minutes before the time given for sunset, 
have the anchor light, gangway light, and signal light or 
lights all ready, the boats either hoisted or dropped astern, 
and the night pennant bent on. About five minutes before 
sunset, station the men at the boom-guys, club and private 
signals and ensign halliards, anchor-light whip, gangway 
light, and, if a flagship, the distinguishing lights. If you 
are the flagship you will also have a gunner stationed at 
the offshore gun, and wait, watch in hand (care should be 
observed to have it on correct local time), for the time 
given for sunset. But if you are taking time from an- 
other vessel, or from the shore, the time need not concern 
you; simply await the sunset signal; then call, ''Haul 
down!" At this instant let go the forward boat-boom 
guys and swing the booms in. Observe that the club, 
private signal, and ensign are hauled down (the two 



21 



former preserving the same height to one another until 
they reach the deck) and that the night pennant and an- 
chor light go aloft as soon as the order to haul down is 
given. Arrange the gangway lights, and make the bunt- 
ing up neatly and stow it away in the flag locker. If the 
boats are riding astern, give them a short painter to pre- 
vent them from being run over by vessels coming in to 
anchor, or passing under your stern, and never allovv^ a 
boat to ride astern without a white light in same. If boat 
booms remain swung out, they should have a white light 
at the outboard end. 

Day Signals for Pilots. 

The following signals, numbered i and 2, when dis- 
played together or separately, shall be deemed to be sig- 
nals for a pilot, in the day time: ist, To be hoisted at the 
fore, the Jack or other national color usually worn by 
merchant ships, having round it a white border one-fifth 
of the breadth of the flag ; or, 2d, The International Code 
Pilotage Signal, indicated by Flag ''S.". 

Night Signals for Pilots. 

The following signals, numbered i and 2, when used 
or displayed together, or separately, shall be deemed to be 
signals for a pilot, in the nighttime; ist, The pyrotechnic 



22 



light, commonly known as a blue light, every fifteen min- 
utes ; or, 2d, a bright white light, flashed or shown at 
short intervals, just above the bulwarks, for about a 
minute at a time. 



Signal for Towtxg-Boat. 

The signal for a towing-boat is made by setting the 
ensign in the main rigging a little above the deck 



Dressing Ship. 

The prettiest mode of dressing a ship with flags is to 
make an arch of them from the jib-boom end to the fore- 
topmast head, thence across to the maintopmast head, and 
down to the main boom end, allowing two or more flags 
to hang down under the jib-boom end and the main boom 
end respectively, with a lead attached to the end of each 
line to keep the flags from flying around. Hoisted to the 
trucks, by the regular signal halliards, should be the 
ensign Jack, or the flags of the nation in whose port the 
ship is lying, or the distinguishing flags of the person 
whom it is desired to honor. The arch of flags should be 
hoisted so as to give the former flags room to displav 
themselves. Have blocks at the topmast heads for the 
fore-and-aft strings of arch flags, and hoist the flags to 



23 

them by means of a whip. The flying jib halliards will 
do to hoist the foremost part of the arch (from the jib- 
boom end to the foretopmast head). Care should be 
taken and taste must be exercised in selecting and placing 
the flags, and rectangular flags should alternate with pen- 
nants. Reeve ofif the three arch halliards and measure 
the distance in the three clear parts, by marking the hal- 
liards so that you will know what length of flags to bend 
on, and thus avoid the inconvenience and annoyance of 
sending the string on deck after they have once been 
hoisted, for the purpose of alterations. Jn addition to 
stopping the flags to the halliards on the head and tack, 
take a couple of stitches to the halliards about midway. 
The Jack should be hoisted on the Jack-staff on the bow- 
sprit. In reeving off the halliards for the span between 
the fore and maintopmast heads, let the ends (or hauling 
parts) lead through single blocks and down alongside of 
the fore and main masts, respectively, bending the flags 
on to the bight, and trice up by the tw^o parts, manned 
at the same time that the flags are sent aloft. At sunset 
come up with your outhauls, and the forward and after 
strings of flags will come inboard, and can then be low- 
ered away. Just before ''colors" send the two masthead 
ensigns aloft ''made up." When the signal is made, 
hoist away on the arch halliards, and, at the instant the 
flags reach home, "break out" the ensign and the Jack. 



24 

Pennants and square flags should be bent on alternately. 
Another mode of dressing ship is by ''up-and-down" flags 
— that is, by flying a string of flags from each topmast 
head to the deck. Flag officers' pennants and burgees 
should not be used in dressing ship, nor should the ensign 
of any foreign nation be displayed, except it is desired 
to compliment such nation, when it should be flown from 
the main truck. \Yhen a yacht is dressed all her 
lowered boats should fly the ensign, whether underway 
or riding to the boat booms. On special occasions a 
steam yacht underway, or a sailing yacht being towed, 
may dress ship. 



Commodore of a Club on a Cruise with Another 
Club in Which He Is a Member. 

In such an event the Commodore should not fly his 
rank flag, but should fly the club flag of the cruising 
club, and should also fly his private signal, so as not 
to exhibit evidence of Tiis flag rank in any way. In 
other words, he should act simply as a Captain during 
the cruise, or while he remains with the squadron. When 
at anchor with the squadron at night, he should displav 
only the Captain's light, the same as the other Captains, 
and never, under any circumstances, show Commodore's 
lights. 



25 

Flag Officer of a Club Entering Harbor of Ax- 
other Club in Which He Is a ^Member. 

In this case circumstances govern. Should the CoUi- 
modore enter said harbor^ either alone or while on a 
cruise with his squadron, he should fly his Commodore's 
pennant and club flag ; but if he is cruising independently, 
after relegating his command to his junior, and is at 
anchor in the harbor of a yacht club to which he belongs, 
then, if he elects to fly the latter's club flag, he should 
do so together with his private signal ; but he should not 
fly his Commodore's pennant with a club flag other than 
that of which he is Commodore. 



Use of Commodore's Private Signal. 

The Commodore's private signal should be used onb. 
on such occasions as he does not fly his Commodore's 
pennant — cruising with another club in which he is a 
member, etc. 



Commodore's Pennant Xight and Day. 

The Commodore's flag shall not be hauled down at 
sunset, but shall be flown day and night. Should it be 
desired to substitute an old pennant for service during 
the night, then send aloft the old pennant made up, and 



26 

break it out before commencing to lo\yer the other. Of 
course, this requires two sets of halliards, which should 
always be rove on a flagship. 

The Jack — When Displayed. 

The Jack should be set on Sundays, also on all occa- 
sions of ceremony, the same being flown from a staff 
on the bowsprit. Wash clothes should not be hung up 
when the Jack is exhibited. 



SPECIAL LIGHTS. 

Commodore's Lights. 

Between sunset and colors, when in harbor, the Com- 
modore shows two bkie Hghts in globular lanterns sus- 
pended perpendicularly at the after gaff-end, or on the 
flagpole at the stern. 

Vice-Commodore's Lights. 

The Vice-Commodore shows the same number of 
lights as the Commodore, and in the same place, but the 
color is red. 

Rear-Commodore's Lights. 

The Rear-Commodore also shows the same number 
of lights and in the same place as prescribed for the Com- 
modore, but the color is white. 

Absent Light. 

At night a blue lantern should be substituted for the 
blue absent flag, and hoisted at the starboard main 
spreader or yard arm. 



28 

Dinner Light. 

A white light hung at the starboard main spreader or 
yardarm after sunset has the same significance as the 
white meal pennant. 

White Lanterns Under the Boo:^i'. 

These are use for illuminating the after deck and 
have no official significance. 



OFFICIAL CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES. 

Quarter-Deck to be Saluted. 

The quarter-deck should ahvays be saluted by officers 
and men, by touching or raising the cap, upon coming 
over the gangway when boarding or leaving their own 
or another yacht, or a naval vessel. 

Yacht Joining a Squadron Must Report. 

When joining a squadron, a yacht must report to the 
commanding officer of the squadron, by the owner of said 
-yacht visiting in person the flag officer in charge, and a 
yacht should never part company w^ith the squadron with- 
out receiving permission so to do. 

Senior Officer to Return Salutes and Visits. 

The senior officer present is in command of all the 
yachts at the anchorage that are flying the burgee of the 
club he represents, and it is his duty to make and return 
salutes and visits. 

Senior Officer to Tender Civilities to Visiting 
Yacht^ — Captain of Visiting Yacht to Pay 
Respects in Person. 

When a yacht visits the home waters of another club, 
and after salutes have been exchanged, the senior officer 



30 

present representing such home club should send to the 
visiting yacht a tender of the civilities of the club, after 
which the Captain of the visiting yacht should pay his 
respects in person to the commanding officer of the 
anchorage. 

Reception of the President of the United States. 

The President of the United States should be received 
at the gangway of the yacht by the commanding officer 
of such, and should be piped over the side by the boat- 
swain — the crew being drawn up in line on the port side 
of the deck. As the President reaches the deck, the Presi- 
dent's flag should be broken out at the main-topmast- 
head, and one gun fired from the yacht in salute to same, 
while the Captain, officers and crew should raise their 
caps in salute. When the President leaves, the crew 
should be stationed as before, and the Captain should 
escort the President to the gangway, where the Boatswain 
should be stationed as before, to blow the pipe and raise 
his cap, together with the crew, as the President reaches 
the rail. One gun should be fired and the President's 
flag hauled down as soon as the boat conveying the Presi- 
dent shoves off from the yacht's side. Provided the 
President embarks in one of the yacht's boats, his flag 
should be carried on the flagpole in the bows of the boat, 
while the President is in it, and the yacht's ensign should 



mm 



31 

be carried at the stern, as usual. The Sailing-Master of 
the vacht should be detailed to take charg-e of the vacht's 
boat that carries the President. The Captain's gig should 
always be the boat employed in transporting guests whom 
it is desired to specially honor. 

Reception of the Vice-President of the United 
States. 
The Vice-President of the United States should re- 
ceive the same honors as prescribed for the President, 
except that the national flag should be substituted for the 
President's flag and only one salute fired, which should 
take place when the Vice-President leaves. A small 
national flag should be carried on the flagstaff in the 
bows of the yacht's boat while conveying the Vice- 
President. 

Reception of the Secretary of the Navy. 

The Secretary of the Navy of the United States should 
receive the same honors as prescribed for the Vice-Presi- 
dent, substituting the distinguishing flag of the Secre- 
tary. 

Reception of Other Cabinet Officers. 

Other Cabinet officers should receive the same honors 
as prescribed for the Secretary of the Navy, except that 
there is no distinguishing or special bunting to be used. 



32 

Reception of the Governor of a State. 

The Governor of a State should be received with the 
same honors as prescribed for the Vice-President, except 
that the flag of his State should be substituted, both at 
the main-topmast-head and in the bows of the yacht's 
boats. 

Reception of a Foreign Sovereign. 

A foreign sovereign or the chief magistrate of any 
foreign country should be received on board with the 
same honors as prescribed for the President of the United 
States, except that the flag of his country should be sub- 
stituted. 

Reception of a IMember of a Royal Family. 

A member of a royal family should receive the sam.e 
honors as prescribed for their sovereign, except that only 
one salute be fired, which should take place at the tim.e 
the honored guest leaves the yacht. 

Reception of Naval and Army Officers. 

A naval or army officer should be received at the 
gangway of the yacht by the Captain, and should be 
piped over the side by the Boatswain, who should stand 
alongside the gang\vay and keep his cap lifted while blow- 



33 

ing his pipe. Upon leaving, the Captain should escort 
his guest to the gangway and should observe that the 
Boatswain is stationed as before to wind his call as the 
officer goes over the yacht's side. If the naval or army 
offic^er is of the rank of Commodore or Lieutenant-Colonel, 
or higher, a gun may be fired after the boat containing the 
guest has shoved off from the yacht's side. Provided 
the yacht's boat is used by the guest, one of the yacht's 
deck officers should be sent in charge of same. 

Reception of Members of the Diplomi^tic Corps. 

Members of the Diplomatic Corps of the rank of 
Minister should be given the same honors as prescribed 
for Cabinet officers, and if below the rank of Minister, 
they should be given the same honors as prescribed for 
naval and army officers. 

Reception of Other Officials. 

Other high officials not mentioned in the foregoing 
may have such honors- accorded them in visiting the 
yachts as may be consistent with the rules laid down. 

Reception of Flag Officers. 

Refer to "Salutes in General,'' next chapter. 



34 

Ceremony of Putting a Yacht in Commission. 

The ceremony of putting a yacht in commission is 
exceedingly simple. As a rule, this takes place as soon 
as the yacht is in proper sailing trim — that is, when the 
bright woodwork, etc., is scraped and varnished, standing- 
rigging set up, running rigging rove off, decks cleaned, 
sails bent, etc. The officers and men appear on deck, in 
uniform, and the club burgee and the Captain's private sig- 
nal are "made up" and hoisted to their respective trucks ; 
then the Captain (the Sailing-Master may be authorized to 
act in the former's place) addresses the Sailing-Blaster: 

"Mr. , I declare the yacht ' ' in commission." 

When this is said, the Sailing-Master orders the burgee 
and private signal to be "broken out" and the yacht 
ensign hoisted — this consummates the putting of the yacht 
in commission. 

Ceremony of Putting the Yacht Out of Commission. 

The ceremony of going out of commission consists 
simply of the following: Before the unbending of sail 
or the dismantling of the yacht in any way, the crew 
appear on deck in uniform, and the club burgee, private 
signal and ensign halliards are manned. The owner ad- 
dresses the Sailing-Master: "Mr. , I declare the 

vacht ' ' out of commission." Upon this the Sailing- 



^ 



35 

Master orders a gun to be tired and the burgee, private 
signal and ensign lowered. The dismantling of the yacht 
may then commence. 

Commodore's Duties ix Regard to the Ceremony of 
Putting the Club in Commission, and Open- 
ing THE Clubhouse for the Season. 

After the date of the opening day of the Clubhouse 
has been fixed upon by the Commodore and House Com- 
mittee (which usually occurs between the ist and 15th 
of May, and in some instances later), the Secretary, at 
the request of the Commodore, or according to the regu- 
lations of the club, notifies all members, at least ten days 
in advance, by mail, that the club will open on this certain 
day and date, and the time selected is usually 12.00 noon. 

After the arrival of the members, the Commodore calls 
them to order in the Clubhouse, and in his own words 
tells them of his pleasure in seeing them, and impresses 
upon each officer, committee, and the members in general 
the importance of observing the laws and regulations of 
the club, and expresses his wishes for the success of the 
club for the coming season. The Commodore then ad- 
vises that all assemble in front of the Clubhouse around 
the flagpole, or on the veranda, for the purpose of putting 
the club in commission. While the . Commodore has been 
addressing the members, the employees of the club have 



36 

bent all flags to their halliards and loaded the cannon. 
One man is stationed at each signal halliard and one at 
the cannon, standing by. The Commodore proceeds a 
little in advance of members and guests, and at a signal 
from him (usually a waving of the hand, previously 
agreed upon) the gun is fired, the signals run up, and at 
the same time the Commodore announces : 'T declare the 

Yacht Club in corhmission/' All the yachts in the 

harbor should have dressed ship in advance, and should 
salute the club by firing a gun as quickly as possible after 
the gun of the Clubhouse has been fired. 

This concludes the act of putting the club in commis- 
sion. 

Commodore's Duties During the Period that tkk 
Yacht Club Is in Commission. 

While the club is in commission the Commodore 
should deem it incumbent upon him to be watchful con- 
cerning the general management of the club ; to observe 
that the various officers are alive to their duties ; that 
the rules and regulations are enforced and obeyed, and 
that harmony prevails. 

The Commodore should preside at all general meet- 
ings of the club at the Clubhouse ; but in the event of his 
anticipated absence he should delegate the \^ice-Commo- 
dore to preside, who, in turn, will notify the Rear-Com- 



37 

modore should he find himself unable to attend. In the 
absence of the three Commodores, the Fleet Captain will 
preside, and in case of the latter's absence the Senior 
Captain present will take the chair, call the meeting to 
order and transact the business of same. 

In all cases of dispute in club matters, the Commodore 
and Board of Trustees should be the arbitrators. 

Before the season arrives for the commissioning of 
the club, the Commodore should name his Fleet Captain, 
Fleet Surgeon and Chaplain, etc. — in fact, the sooner he 
names the same after his election as Commodore the 
better. 

In the selection of his Fleet Captain the Commodore 
should be careful to appoint a gentleman of experience in 
yachting, as such a one will prove invaluable to the chief 
Flag Officer, taking a great amount of responsibility and 
care and detail away from the latter. 

In case the Fleet Captain has no yacht of his own, 
the Commodore's yacht should be open to him on all pos- 
sible occasions, as a matter of courtesy, and on a cruise 
of the club, whether the Fleet Captain possesses a yacht 
or not, his place is on the flagship, in constant official 
attendance upon the Commodore, and in supervision of 
the fleet from the flagship's bridge or quarter-deck. 

The Fleet Captain should, under the authority of the 
Commodore, direct all the movements of the fleet when 



38 

on the annual, or any special cruise, and the crew of the 
flagship should be notified by the Commodore to execute 
the orders of the Fleet Captain upon such occasions. 

Should the Commodore decide to be absent from the 
club station for several days, he should notify the Vice- 
Commodore, so that during such absence the latter might 
assume the duties of Commodore should some special 
occurrence be experienced. 

The Commodore's Duties When the Club Is Going 
Out of Commission. 

When the date of going out of commission is fixed 
all the members, at the request of the Commodore, are 
notified, through the Secretary, by mail, to attend this 
special meeting, in order to put the club out of commis- 
sion. In some instances the Secretary, Treasurer and 
various committees submit their reports at this meeting, 
other times, again, the reports are not submitted until 
some time later in the autumn or winter. After all the 
business of this stated meeting has been transacted, the 
Commodore thanks each and all for the great aid he has 
received from them all, also mentioning about the success 
of the club for the past season. He then proposes that 
they proceed to put the club out of commission. The 
signal halliards and cannon have been manned, and at a 
given signal from the Commodore the gun is fired, flags 



39 

are hauled down, and the Commodore at the same time 
says : ''I now declare the Yacht Club out of com- 
mission/' If there are yachts at anchor off the Clubhouse 
they should salute the club by firing their guns. 

Note. — It is customary on the occasion of the yacht 
club going out of commission to have a banquet for mem- 
bers and guests. 

Honors to the Captain when Embarking and Dis- 
embarking. 
When the Captain is seen coming oflf to the yacht, it. 
should so be reported to the Sailing-Master (provided he 
is on board, and, in his absence, to the Mate), who will- 
at once station one of the Quarter-Masters, or one of the 
crew, at the "absent flag'' halliards, and the Boatswain at 
the gangway, to blow a pipe as the Captain comes over 
the side, and, as the gig comes alongside the gangway, 
the Sailing-Master will face the side, and as the Captain 
steps over the rail, the Sailing-Master and Boatsw^ain will 
salute by touching the cap visor, and the absent flag will 
be hauled down. The gig will remain alongside foi 
orders. The Sailing-Master, after ascertaining the Cap- 
tain's wishes in regard to the gig, will either order it 
hoisted or hauled out to the boom. When intending to 
leave the ship, the Captain should send word to that efifect 
to the Sailing-Master (or to the Mate, in the absence of 
the former), who will see that the gig is dropped down 



40 

to the starboard gangway and properly manned, when 
it will then be reported as ready to the Captain. The 
Sailing- i\Iaster and Boatswain will then take their stations 
at the gangway, having a hand stationed at the absent 
flag halliards; and as the Captain passes them to enter 
the boat, the Boatswain will wind his call and touch his 
cap, and the Captain shall receive and return the Sailing- 
Master's salute. The absent flag will be broken out as the 
boat shoves off. On entering or leaving the gig the Cap- 
tain should be saluted by the Coxswain only. 

Duties of the Fleet Captain. 

The Fleet Captain is appointed by the Commodore as 
his executive officer, and retains his position at the pleas- 
ure of the Commodore. His appointment is based upon 
his practical yachting experience, that he may be enabled 
to transact all official business in connection with the 
fleet; to decide questions of etiquette, and to relieve the 
Commodore of the details of squadron evolution. Orders 
of the Commodore, or Acting Commodore, should be 
issued through the Fleet Captain, and endorsed by the 
latter ; but only when the order bears the autograph signa- 
ture of the Fleet Captain should the word "official'' be 
used. The Fleet Captain's flag should be carried on the 
forward staff of any launch or boat that he may be in 
charge of. 



SALUTES IN GENERAL. 

Guns Between Sunset and Colors. 

Guns fired between sunset and colors are considered 

signals of distress. 

Guns on Sunday. 

Guns should not be fired on Sunday, either in the 
way of a salute or when getting underway or when 
coming to anchor. 

Colors and Sunset Gun To Be Fired by Senior 
Officer's Yacht. 

When in company with one or more yachts of the 
same club, the gun fired to make colors or sunset should 
be that of the yacht of the senior officer of such club pres- 
ent, whether he is on board his vessel or not. 

Yachts to Salute Naval Vessels. 

All yachts should salute naval vessels of their own 
or any other friendly country, by dipping the ensign. It 
is customary for yachts to salute a naval vessel by dip- 
ping the ensign once. 



42 

Dipping the Ensign. 

In no case is the ensign to be dipped more than once 
in one salute. 

Yachts Passing to Salute. 

Yachts passing should salute each other by dipping 
the ensign once — the junior saluting first. 

Yachts Meeting at Sea to Salute. 

In meeting at sea yachts should salute each other, and 
this salute should consist of simply dipping the ensign 
once. 

Steam Whistles Not to Be Used in Saluting. 

Steam whistles and sirens should not be employed in 
making or exchanging salutes between steam yachts or 
launches. 

To Salute Upon Entering Harbor. 

Upon entering harbor, Captains should salute the com- 
manding officer of the anchorage by firing one gun or by 
dipping the ensign once at the time tlie anchor is dropped. 

Salute to a Yacht Entering Harbor. 

The salute to be made to a yacht entering port and 



43 

entitled to a salute consists of dipping the ensign once, 
or the firing of a gun when the arriving yacht drops her 
anchor. 

Special Sx\lute to Commodore Entering Harbor. 

On the occasion of the Commodore entering harbor 
to assume personal command of his squadron, he should 
be saluted on coming to anchor (and not before) by each 
yacht of the squadron. This salute should consist of the 
firing of one gun from each yacht, or by the dipping once 
of the ensign. This salute should be acknowledged by the 
firing of one gun by the flagship. 

Ordinary Salute to Commodore Entering Harbor. 

On ordinary occasions, when the Commodore's yacht 
enters harbor his flag should only be saluted with one 
gun from the yacht of the senior officer of such club 
present, or by the dipping of the ensign once from such 
senior's yacht, and this salute should be acknowledged in 
kind by the Commodore. 

Junior Officer's Yacht Entering Harbor. 

When a junior flag officer's yacht enters harbor, his 
flag should be saluted when his yacht comes to anchor 
by one gun, or by the single dipping of the ensign, from 



44 

the yacht of the senior officer present, provided the latter 
is inferior in rank to the arriving flag officer; otherwise 
the arriving officer will salute the flag of the officer in 
command of the anchorage with one gun or by the single 
dipping of the ensign when his yacht drops anchor. 

Senior Officer Leaving Harbor. 

A senior officer leaving harbor should indicate that 
he has transferred his command to the officer next below 
him in rank, by firing a gun or by dipping his ensign 
once upon getting under way. 

Flag Officer Making Official Visit. 

When a flag officer makes an official visit between 
colors and sunset, his flag should be run up to the fore- 
topmast-head of the yacht visited and broken out as 
soon as he boards the same. Upon leaving, one gun 
should be fired and his flag hauled down after he has 
entered the boat alongside and it has been shoved off from 
the yacht. 

Official Salute to Another Club. 

An official salute to another club should be made by 
hoisting the burgee of such club to the fore-topmast-head 
and firing one gun. After the salute has been returned, 



45 

or a reasonable time for the return of such allowed, the 
burgee should be hauled down and the yacht's own 
burgee hoisted. In the absence of the burgee of the 
club that is being saluted the yacht's own burgee may 
be half-masted while the salute is given. 

Postponed Salutes. 

Salutes postponed on account of Sunday, or owing to 
the arrival of a yacht after sunset, should be made im- 
mediately after colors on the following morning. 

Judges' Yacht Not to Be Saluted. 

During a race a yacht acting as Judge's boat should 
not be saluted. 



Salutes Between Squadrons of Different Clubs. 

When squadrons of different clubs meet, whether in 
harbor or at sea, salutes should be exchanged only by 
the commanding officers of such squadrons. 



Salutes Between Single Yacht and SqUx\dron. 

Salutes from single yachts to a squadron should be 
answered only by the commanding officer of the squadron. 



46 

\\'hex Firing Guns and Making Signals Are Pro- 
hibited. 

Firing guns and making signals when under way 
with a squadron should be carefully avoided, except in 
the line of duty. That is, no private or personal signalling 
should go on between yachts, as the same might easily be 
considered as levity and as lacking in respect to the 
commanding officer of the squadron. 

Boat Salutes. 

Salutes to be made between boats will be found under 
the head of ''Boat Service.'' 

vSalute to the Quarter-Deck. 

Upon boarding or leaving a yacht, the quarter-deck 
should be saluted by touching the cap. 



BOAT SERVICE. 

Particulars Concerning Boats. 

Boats used on board yachts are known as gigs, cutters, 
life-boats, and dingeys. * 

Boats are built in three different ways, namely : The 
carval-huiltj the planks fore and aft, the edges meeting 
but not overlapping. The clink er-bitilt, the planks fore 
and aft, the edges overlapping. The dia/gonal-built, the 
planking running diagonally, the inside planks running in 
a contrary direction to the outside planks, their edges 
meeting. 

Boats are called single or double-banked^ according 
as they have one or two rowers to a thwart. 

Thwarts are the seats on which the crew sit ; the space 
abaft the after thwart is called the stern-sheets. 

The spaces for the oars in the wash streak of boats 
are called rowlocks. 

Oars are made of ash or spruce ; that part of the oar 
which is dipped in the water is called the blade; the round 
part which is inboard, the loom; the extremity of the 
loom, which is grasped by the rower's hand, the handle. 

Oars are called donble-banked when two men pull 
one oar. 

Feathering is known as turning the blades nearly flat 



48 

to the water after the stroke, with the upper edge turned 
forward. 

Boat-falls are purchases made with two blocks and 
a length of rope, used for hoisting a boat to the davits. 

The painter is a length of line made fast into a ring- 
bolt in the stem of boats, used for making the boat fast, 
to tow by, etc. 

The giinzvale of a boat is the upper rail. 

The yoke is a piece of wood or metal fitted across 
the head of a boat's rudder. 

Yoke lines are pieces of rope made fast to the yoke 
by which the rudder is turned and the boat steered. 

Boat-davits are pieces of timber or iron projecting 
over a vessel's sides or stern to hoist boats up to. 

A plug is the wooden stopper fitted into a hole in the 
bottom of the boat to let in or keep out water. 

Flooring is the bottom boards of the boat. 

Boat-booms are the booms on either side of a vessel 
to which the boats ride when the ship is at anchor. 

A boat-breaker is a small keg used for carrying fresh 
water. 

A boat-recall is an understood signal made from the 
ship to summon a boat to return. 

Gripes are long strips of canvas leading from the 
davit ends, and passing under a boat to secure it. They 
are set taught by lanyards. 



49 

Boat-fenders are small shapes of canvas or leathef 
stuffed and hung over a boat's side to prevent it from 
being chafed and from chafing the sides of the yacht. 

Back Board is a board in the stern of the boat on 
which is often printed the name of the yacht to which 
she belongs. 

Boat Ceremony and Discipline. 

The lading of the gig should be arranged so that 
juniors in rank and in official importance should enter 
the boat first, and the one highest in rank and importance 
should immediately precede the Captain, who should 
always be the last to enter the boat and the first to dis- 
embark. The disembarking should take place in the 
reverse order to the embarking, so that the junior in 
rank should be the last to leave the boat. 

Boat ©rders. 

In the follov/ing the gig is supposed to be manned, 
and lying alongside the gangway. 

After the gig is reported ready to the Captain, he will 
direct his guests to enter the boat, and after they are all 
seated he will receive and return the Sailing-Master's 
salute, then take his place in the gig — care having been 
observed to leave the stern-sheets clear for him, and the 
yoke lines ready to hand. 

The Captain will observe that his private signal is 



50 

stepped in the bows, that the seating of his guests does 
not interfere with the stroke oarsman, and will then call : 

''Shove off Forw^\rdI''' 

When this order is given, the man in the bows shoves 
the boat's head aw^ay from the ship's side, stows his boat- 
hook, and lays his hands on his oar. 

The next order is : ''Up Oars V "Oars Apeak'' 
is sometimes wrongfully employed. 

The crew will simultaneously seize and raise their 
proper oars briskly to the vertical (keeping their eyes on 
the stroke oarsman), and hold them thus directly in front 
of them, the blades being fore-and-aft, the ends of the 
oars held clear of the boat's bottom ; the oarsmen sitting 
on the port side of the boat holding the oars w^ith right 
hands down, and those sitting on the starboard side hold- 
ing the oars w^ith left hands down. The oarsmen sitting 
on the port side of the boat pull the starboard oars, and 
the oarsmen sitting on the starboard side of the boat pull 
the port oars. 

The next command is: "Let Fall!'' 

The oars must be dropped into the rowlocks together, 
care being taken to prevent the blades from striking the 
water — blades flat to the water and leveled. 

Next give the order: "Give Way!'' 

The boat is now under w^ay, the crew taking the style 
of pulling from the stroke oarsman. 



51 

In running alongside of a vessel or float-stage, give 
the boat sufficient impetus to ''reach" ; then call, while the 
blades are in the water : ''Way Enough !" 

The men will finish the stroke and then raise their 
oars simultaneously to a vertical position, and lay them 
with as little noise as 'possible amidships in the boat in 
a line with the keel, the blades pointing forward. The 
stroke and bow oarsmen seize their boat-hooks, and as the 
boat runs alongside they stop its way and hold it. 

With four or more oared boat, just before the order 
"Way Enough"" is given, the order "In Bow"' should be 
given to allow the man forward to get in his oar and 
take his boat-hook in hand ready to fend off when the 
boat comes alongside the landing. 

Boat Salutes. 

Flag officers should display their pennants in the bows 
of boats when underway, Captains their private signals, 
and members the club burgee. 

Salutes shall only be made to boats displaying flags 
as above. 

Junior flag officers, captains, and members in com- 
mand of boats should lie on their oars to the Commodore's 
boat in passing, and at the same time should raise their 
caps in salute. 



52 

Sailing-masters, under-officers and coxswains should 
order their crews to lie on their oars to boats passing that 
display flag officers' pennants, and the one in charge of the 
boat should raise his cap in salute. 

Seniors in rank acknowledge salutes by simply raising 
the cap, and do not cease rowing. 

Captains and junior flag officers passing should salute 
each other by raising the cap — the junior saluting first — 
but the crews will not lie on their oars. 

The salutes from all boats under sail, being towed, or 
laden, should be made by the one in charge raising his 
cap, and the way of such boats should not be checked. 

When approaching your own or another yacht for 
the purpose of going alongside, on being hailed, answer 
by giving the name of your yacht, if a Captain, but if 
a Commodore, the reply should be "Flag." 

If it is desired to cease rowing temporarily, give the 
order: "Oars!" The crew will then lift the blades of 
their oars from the water, holding the blades horizontally, 
and at right angles to the keel. 

\Mien it is desired to continue rowing, simply call : 
■'Give Way!" 

When rowing, if passing so close to another boat that 
a collision of oars seems probable, call: "Trail!" The 
men will keep their oars in the rowlocks, but permit the 
blades to trail aft and alongside. When the danger is 



53 

past, call: *'Oars!'' — this brings the crew to attention, 
with the oars in position to receive the order: ''Give 
Way!" 

Never allow a boat's crew to splash the water with 
the blades of their oars when the order to ''Let Fall'' 
is executed. 

Talking among a boat's crew, or turning the head 
to observe any object, while the boat is underway, should 
never be allow^ed. 

The starboard after oar is called the "stroke oar," and 
gives the stroke, the remainder of the crew^ taking the 
style from it ; consequently it should be manned by the 
best man in the boat — the coxswain of a gig pulls the 
stroke oar when the Captain is in the boat. 

In rowing, the blade of each oar should be lifted 
as high as the gunwale after it leaves the water, then 
feathered by dropping the wrist. A short pause should 
then be made, and the oar next thrown well forward, and 
dropped edgewise into the w^ater, taking care to avoid 
splashing. Now, rip the oar through the water with a 
hearty swing, and then repeat as above. 

If it is required to turn a boat suddenly, or short round 
to starboard, then give the order to "Give Way Port ; 
Back Starboard." If it is required to turn short to 
port, then "Give Way Starboard; Back Port/' When 
the boat is pointed aright, then, "Give Way Together !" 



54 

In backing, as in pulling, the crew should always 
keep stroke with the after oar of their respective sides. 

Never send a boat away from a ship at night without 
being provided with a lantern, as many a boat has been 
run down through inability to make its presence known. 

Remember, in running alongside a ship or landing, 
that the deeper the boat is freighted, the longer she will 
carry her way in the water. 

Tn leaving a ship in foggy weather, provide the boat 
with a fog-horn and compass, and judge as nearly as 
possible the bearing of the landing you wish to make. 
Take the opposite of this bearing to return to the ship, 
making in both cases due allowance for tide. 

The boats should always be kept in perfect condition, 
and, unless the crew are required to shift themselves, not 
more than three minutes should elapse between the time 
the boat is called away and its arrival at the gangway, 
manned and ready. 

Xever send away a gig's crew unless they are dressed 
alike, and look "spick and span'' ; hat ribbons should 
always be worn by a boat's crew, unless racing hoods 
are used. 

Nothing shows the good discipline of a yacht more 
than efficient boat service ; and it is worthy of all pains 
and consideration. 

The ranking officer should always be the last to enter 



^^ 



55 

a boat, and the first to leave it. He will, also, command 
the boat. 

To ride out a gale of wind in an open boat, lash the 
oars and bottom boards together and weight them if pos- 
sible. Span them with the boat's painter and pitch 
them overboard. This will keep the boat head to the 
sea and prevent it from drifting fast. 

Assist the boat to keep head to the sea by the use 
of a steering oar. 

When crossing the bar of a river, if the water is 
much troubled, a steering oar should be used and the 
rudder unshipped. 

In the case of a boat being unable to pull up to the 
ship against a strong wind or tide, veer a line out from 
the ship with the end made fast to a buoy or any floating 
material sufficient to sustain the bight, and when this 
reaches the boat the crew can make the end of the line 
fast to the ring in the stem, and the boat can then be 
hauled up. Another way is to drop a boat astern with 
a line secured to its painter and then haul them both 
up together. 

When two boats are approaching the same gangway, 
or landing stage, the junior officer in rank should always 
give way to the senior. 



GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT 



Ship's Bells. 

The manner of telling the time on board ship is by 
striking the bell. Eight bells indicate midnight, 4 a. m.^ 
8 A. M., noon, 4 p. m., and 8 p. m. Thus it will be seen that 
every even four hours after midnight brings 8 bells 
around. After midnight the first bell struck is i, which 
stands for half-past twelve ; one o'clock is represented by 
2 bells, half-past one, by 3 bells ; two o'clock by 4 bells ; 
half-past two, by 5 bells ; three o'clock, by 6 bells ; half- 
past three, by 7 bells ; and four o'clock, by 8 bells. 

At half-past four^ i bell is struck, and so on, in the 
above order, until eight o'clock is made known by 8 bells 
again. 

The time should always be taken from the flagship, 
or the senior officer's yacht present. 

TABLE: 

6.30 A. M 5 bells. 



Midnight 
12.30 A. M 

1. 00 

1.30 

2.00 

2.30 

3.00 

3.30 

4.00 

4.30 

5.00 

5-30 
6.00 



8 bells. 

1 bell. 

2 bells. 

3 " 

4 " 

5 '* 

6 - 

7 " 



bell, 
bells. 



7.00 

7-30 

8.00 

8.30 

9.00 

9-30 

10.00 

10.30 

11.00 

11.30 



bell, 
bells. 



12.00 noon 8 



57 

The Boatswain's Call. 

On vessels where a good-sized crew is carried, the 
''Boatswain's Call" should be largely employed. 

The following should always be ''piped" : 

The call to meals ; the order to heave round ; to order 
away boats ; the order to haul ; the order to belay ; the 
order to man the side ; the order to make colors ; the order 
to make sunset ; to call all hands ; the call to muster ; to 
pipe down. 

It is impossible to explain on paper the regular man- 
o'-wars-man's ''pipe" for the different orders, nor is it 
necessary that their style should be followed out strictly 
on yachts — any understood combination between the 
boatsv/ain (or mate) and the crew will answer all the 
purposes for which the "call" is intended. 

The following is offered : 

The Call of Attention: A long straight pipe. This 
is used as a preface to the verbal call of all hands on 
deck or to muster. 

To Call Away a Boat: A long straight pipe, fol- 
lowed by the verbal order: "Away Gig!" (or dingey or 
cutter, as the case may be). 

The Call to Meals: Three long, rolling pipes. 
To Heave Round, or to Pull: Several moderately 
short, straight pipes. ' 



58 

To Belay: Two short, quick chirps, followed by a 
moderately short, rolling pipe. 

To Pipe the Side: A prolonged straight pipe. (The 
Boatsw^ain stands facing the gangway, his ''call" held to 
his mouth with his left hand, while his right hand is 
raised to his cap in salute.) This pipe should be made 
to the Captain, when coming on board or when leaving 
the yacht. It should also be made to all other yacht com- 
manders, dignitaries, and officers of the army and navy. 

To Make ''Colors' or ''Siinsef: Two short, quick 
chirps, followed by a long, rolling pipe. 

To Pipe Down: One long, straight, followed by a 
long, rolling pipe. 

Yacht Routine. 

As soon as a yacht is put in commission, the organiza- 
tion of the officers and crew should be considered, so that 
everything may work smoothly and harmoniously, to the 
satisfaction and peace of the Captain and the manifest 
benefit of all concerned. The Sailing-Master should be 
held responsible for this, and, in perfecting the details, 
of course, he must be guided by the number of his crew. 

If, in washing down, cleaning bright work, etc., each 
man is given a certain station and allotted a particular 
piece of work^ it will be found that matters will be greatly 
expedited, and the individual tasks will be performed 



59 

better, for the reason that the man is held accountable 
for the appearance of his own part of the ship. 

Silence is one of the best evidences of discipline, and 
the officers sliould set the example to the crew. When it 
is necessary to issue an order let it be done in a quiet tone 
and avoid calling along the deck as m.uch as possible. 
The latter suggests the ''coaster" and estabhshes a bad 
precedent. 

When in port the quartermaster or the last anchor 
watch should turn out the cook one hour before ''all 
hands," so that morning coffee may be ready when the 
general call is made. 

Allow but twenty minutes between "turn out" and 
"turn to." 

After pumping the bilges, wash down decks, wipe the 
sides around and the bright wood of the rail skylights and 
companion way and then turn all hands on to the brass 
work, using a chamois skin. 

Half an hour should be given the crew for breakfast 
(7 to 7.30 A. M.), after which they should again be turned 
to, the brass work finished, the decks tidied up, the crew 
dressed in their ordered uniform for the day and every- 
thing ready for inspection by the Sailmg-Master and Cap- 
tain (if the latter so desires). 

The Sailing-Master (or mate) should always have 
one of the men row him around the vessel the last thing in 



6o 



the morning, to make sure that all the running rigging is 
taut, no scratches or chafing on the sides; that there are 
no evidences of grass or scum along the water-line, and 
that everything is proper and ship-shape. 

One hour should be allowed for men for dinner — from 
12 to I. 

A good Sailing- ]\Iaster will always find something for 
the crew to work at during working hours. 

Smoking hours on deck should be regulated. 

Never allow smoking while the crew are at work 
about the decks. 

After Slipper (in port) allow the crew to smoke on the 
forward deck as long as they please. 

Under no consideration ever permit a boat's crew to 
smoke while in the boat. 

In sending any boat ashore, the Sailing-Master (or, 
in his absence, the mate), should always direct the boat 
where to land, and when to return to the ship, except 
when the Captain is in the gig, who will direct his own 
crew. 

The crew should be habituated to move smartlv about 
the decks, and to answer quickly and respectfully to their 
officers. 

In passing the Captain the crew should always salute 
by touching the right hand to the cap, and the Captain 
should at all times acknowledge same. 



6i 



In the case of a gig's crew, the coxswain only should 
salute the Captain, both on entering and leaving the gig. 

Mattresses and blankets should be thoroughly aired 
once every week, and oftener should there have been 
damp weather. 

The vSailing- Master and mates should never be ashore 
at the same time while the yacht is in commission. 

When coming to anchor, have the men stationed, and 
the instant the anchor leaves the cat-head, fire a gun and 
sw^ing out the boat-booms, except on Sundays, when no 
gun will be fired. If a salute is due, however, it should be 
fired immediately after colors on Monday morning. 

When leaving anchorage, if a steam yacht, fire a gun 
the instant the anchor is aweigh, and the bell is rung to 
go ahead, but if a sailing yacht, fire a gun when the an- 
chor is tripped, and the vessel fills away. 

On large yachts a quartermaster should always be on 
watch to give notice to the officer of the deck on the ap- 
proach of boats to the vessel, signals made from other 
yachts, or from the shore. 

Underway at Night: Always have a lookout sta- 
tioned forward, and in case of unusual darkness or thick 
weather, it is better to have two lookouts — one on either 
bow. As soon as a light or a sail is sighted, it should be 
reported in clear sharp tones to the officer of the deck, 
who will at once convince himself as to its character and 



62 



whether his vessel or the one reported has the ''right of 
way'' and act accordingl3\ 

At Anchor at Night: As soon as it is dark the ''an- 
chor watch" should be set. According to the number of 
the crew available, the length of time for each man to 
guard the deck should be regulated, so that from the time 
the first anchor watch is set until all hands are called in 
the morning, the watches shall be uniform, and no one 
man called on deck twice during the night. It is the duty 
of the w^atch to keep continually on the alert, examining 
the moorings occasionally, visiting the quarter-deck, keep- 
ing an eye to the bright burning of the anchor light, ob- 
serving the drift lead, the swinging of his own vessel with 
the tide, also of the vessels around him, and being careful 
that no boat gets alongside his vessel unawares. In case 
a boat is seen making for the yacht, it should be hailed — 
"Boat-Ahoy!" and if the hail is answered satisfactorily, 
the boat can be allowed to board but, if not, it must be 
warned off. In case of danger pound on the top of the 
forecastle slide with anything available, at the same time 
calling "All Hands!" in a voice calculated to rouse the 
sleepers, and then, until the deck is officered, act yourself 
under the circumstances, as your common sense dictates. 
The anchor watch should strike the bells regularly during 
the night. 

Boat Hails: All boats closely approaching a yacht at 



63 

night should be hailed by the officer of the deck or the 
watch. Replies should be as follows : 

For Commodore intending to board, ''Commodore." 

For Vice and Rear Commodores, 'Tlag.'/ 

For Fleet Captain, "Fleet." 

For Captain, the name of his yacht. 

For a Club Member, ''Aye, Aye." 

For a visitor, "Visitor." 

For Sailing-Master and other yacht officers, "No, no." 

For one of the crew, "Hello." 

For passing boats, "Passing." 

Concerning Watches: As soon as a yacht leaves port, 
bound on a voyage, the crew should be divided into 
watches and the first regular watch set at 8 p. m. on the 
day of sailing. The Captain always takes the first watch 
out, and the Sailing-Master the first watch home. The 
stewards, cooks, and waiters are known as 'idlers" and 
they stand no watch. 

The captain's watch is called the "starboard'' and the 
sailing master's the "port" watch. 

If there is an uneven number of men in the forecastle, 
the odd man goes into the captain's watch by courtesy. 

Provided the yacht carries a mate, the captain's watch 
is kept by him, so that the captain has no regular deck 
duty, but goes and comes as he pleases. 



^*^^^^^^p 



p^ 



64 

The officer on watch is known as the ''officer of the 
deck," and, while left in possession, his orders must be 
obeyed to the letter. He has full powers to alter the 
course of the ship to avoid danger, to make or alter, or 
take in sail, etc. 

The seven regular watches are named as follows : 

From midnight to 4 a. m. the Mid Watch. 

,4 A. M. to 8 A. M the Morning Watch, 

8 A. M. to noon the Forenoon Watch. 

noon to 4 p. :^i • . . . . the Afternoon Watch. 

4 p. M. to 6 p. M the First Dog Watch. 

6 p. M. to 8 p. M the Second Dog Watch. 

8 p. M. to 12 midnight the First Watch. 



^"^msm^^ 



DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 
OF OFFICERS. 
Note. . 

In the following treatise on the duties and responsi- 
bilities of the Captain and his officers, the question of the 
steam yacht carrying a goodly crew has been particularly 
considered but the rules, regulations etc., laid down for 
the government of such large craft may easily be modified 
and brought w^ithin the compass of smaller steam and 
sail yachts. 

Tkp: Captain. 

The sailing-master, mates, boatswain, carpenter, 
engineers, stewards, the petty officers, such as quarter- 
masters, cooks, oilers, boatswain's mates, etc., as well as 
every seaman, fireman, and waiter on board the yacht are 
subject to the control and orders of the Captain. 

The Captain is responsible for the general equipment 
and general management of his yacht, and for the vessel 
(w^hen in commission) being at all times fully found and 
provided with coals, water, provisions, compasses, chro- 
nometers, charts, sextants, and other stores and appHances 
requisite for the navigation of the yacht. Of course, these 



66 

duties may be assigned to the sailing-master by the 
Captain, but upon the latter rests the responsibility of 
giving the necessary orders to insure such performance. 

The Captain shall inspect the yacht every day to 
observe that cleanliness and order is practised in the 
various departments — deck, engineer and steward's — and 
shall hold strictly accountable for each department the 
officer in charge of same. 

The Captain shall see to it that the officers attend 
strictly to their several duties, that no waste or extrava- 
gance in the way of stores and provisions is allowed, and 
that the men under the different heads of the departments 
are respectful and obedient to their superiors and move 
smartly in the discharge of their duties. 

The Captain will observe that the officers and men 
respect the laws and regulations of the ports visited by the 
yacht, and will issue strict orders that contraband or 
dutiable articles for personal use shall not be brought on 
board to cause trouble and annoyance upon the return of 
the yacht to a home port, or upon an attempt to smuggle 
such articles ashore in any other port. 

The Captain shall see to it that the crew are frequently 
exercised at fire-quarters, and shall enforce the order that 
all boats are kept ready for immediate lowering and that 
the fire hose is attached at night and ready for use at a 
moment's notice. 



67 

The Captain will exact the observance of strict 
courtesy between the officers of various departments and 
not allow undue familiarity between them outside of their 
own quarters, and gambling between the officers or 
between the men shall always be prohibited. 

The Captain will forbid private trading on the part of 
officers and crew under any circumstances, and shall 
impress upon the minds of all on board that the dignity of 
a gentleman's private vessel is to be upheld, and that loud 
or vulgar language will not be tolerated. 

The Captain w^ill have reported to him all cases of 
misconduct on the part of any of the crew, and will never 
permit punishment to be inflicted unless by his express 
orders, and he will award the character of the punishment 
after consulting with the Sailing-Master, engineer or 
steward, according to the department in which the of- 
fender belongs. He is responsible for any ill-treatment 
of the crew by his officers. 

If one of the crew die on board, the Captain must make 
an inventory of his effects, entering same with the name, 
rank, etc., in the log-book, and upon the arrival of the 
yacht in port, a report must be made to the health-officer 
of the port. 

The Captain has the power to appoint his officers and 
has entire command over them during the time they are 
on board. He may, for any cause, suspend them from 



68 

duty, and in case of mutinous conduct at sea, he is justified 
in putting in irons any officer or any member of the crew. 
The log-book must, according to law, set forth all that 
occurs of an important nature during the voyage, espe- 
cially such cases as punishment inflicted, and for what 
cause, etc. 

Upon arrival in a foreign port, the Captain should 
go to the Custom House, taking the bill-of-health and 
yacht's papers and report his arrival. 

The Sailixg-Master. 

Under the head of "Yacht Routine," in a preceding 
chapter, will be found in detail the character of the deck 
work that the Sailing-Master should see carried out. 

The Sailing- Master, when the yacht is underway, will 
never allow the officer of the deck to leave the bridge 
unless regularl}- or temporarily relieved. 

If the Sailing- ]\Iaster disapproves of anything per- 
form.ed by one of the officers, he should quietly call him 
aside and correct him, but he should never do it within 
the hearing of the crew, as they may lose respect for an 
officer who was not shown respect by an officer above him. 

The Sailing-iMaster, mate, second maie, or any other 
officer, when in charge of the deck, has full power over the 
yacht, as he represents the authority of the Captain. 



69 

The Sailing-Master will navigate the yacht and will be 
responsible to the Captain for the safety and order of the 
vessel above and below decks, and, provided he is en- 
trusted to select the officers and crew, he will be respon- 
sible to the Captain fqr their competency and desirability 
in all respects. 

Whenever an officer, or any of the seamen, desires to 
see the Captain for personal reasons, he must first acquaint 
the Sailing-Master with his wishes, and the Sailing-Master 
will refer the request to the Captain, who will specify his 
pleasure in the matter, and such will be conveyed in turn 
to the applicant ; but under no circumstances will the Cap- 
tain be approached by an officer or man, ''over the Sailing- 
Master's head," for the only way to maintain discipline 
on board is by impressing upon the crew as a whole that 
the Sailing-Master, being the executive officer, the running 
of the yacht is in his hands, and the most implicit obedi- 
ence and respect must be accorded him. 

Officers and men must never think of leaving the 
yacht, even w4ien alongside the dock, without first obtain- 
ing the consent oi the Sailing-Master, or, in his absence, 
from the officer left in command, w^ho will be acquainted 
wnth the Sailing-Master's wishes in the matter. 

When entering or leaving port, the Sailing-Master's 
place is on the bridge, directing the movements of the 
vacht. 



TO 

Chief EngiiXeer. 

The chief engineer has full control over all persons — 
officers and men — in his department. 

The engineer on watch in the engine-room when the 
yacht is underway, represents the chief engineer, and the 
fireman on watch must obev him, and he in turn must 
obey any orders received from the officer of the deck in 
the way of handling the engines. 

The chief engineer will be held responsible for all 
hands in his department implicitly carrying out the orders 
of the Captain, or of the officer of the deck. 

Neither the assistants nor any member of the engine 
or fire-room force will leave the vessel without first 
reporting to and obtaining the chief engineer's consent, 
who, in turn, will solicit the same from the Sailing-Master 
and then acquaint the applicant with the result. 

The chief engineer will personally superintend the 
coaling of the yacht, and satisfy himself that the quantity 
of coal charged for has been received on board. He will 
make an entry on the engine-room log-book stating the 
amount of coal receipted for, also its quality. 

When other engine-room stores, tools, etc., are re- 
ceived on board, they will be receiptea for by the chief 
engineer and a memorandum of same entered on his log- 
book. 



71 

The chief engineer will be held responsible for any 
waste of stores or extravagance in his department. 

The chief engineer will be held accountable for the 
conduct of all officers and men under his control. 

The chief engineer .will enforce the law that an en- 
gineer on watch is never to absent himself from the 
engine-room without having been regularly relieved by 
another engineer, and will also see to it that no fireman, 
oiler, water-tender, etc., leaves his post without permis- 
sion from the engineer on watch. 

Should any member of the engineer's force miscon- 
duct himself, or disobey any order received by him from 
a superior officer, the chief engineer must report the case 
to the Captain, so that it may be dealt with by the latter, 
and in no case is the chief or one of his assistants to 
inflict punishment upon a man unless such punishment 
is authorized by the Captain. 

The chief engineer will see to it that the engineer of 
the w^atch keeps a steady pressure of steam, according to 
the instructions that he has received, and with a view 
to economy of fuel, the engineer on watch will direct 
attention to the condition of the fires, and the mode of 
firing. The chief will also make sure that his assistants 
are well acquainted with the various pipes, cocks, valves 
and connections generally. 

When entering or leaving port the chief engineer will 



72 

assume personal charge of the engines, or at any other 
time when special care is demanded for executing prompt- 
ly the orders signalled -from the bridge. 

The chief engineer will keep the engine-room log- 
book, and fill up the columns therein. Under the head of 
''Remarks" he will enter the particulars of all stores used ; 
the time of leaving and arriving in port ; all occurrences 
relating to the working of the boilers and machinery, 
accidents of whatever nature to engines or to the men, 
etc., and each day's log is to be verified by his signature. 

The chief engineer will daily, at noon, while under 
steam, lay before the Sailing-]\Iaster an abstract of the 
engine-room log-book, containing the expenditure of coals, 
oils and other stores during the preceding twenty-four 
hours, and the amount remaining on hand ; also the total 
number of revolutions made during the preceding twenty- 
four hours. 

The chief engineer will be held responsible that the 
steam steering-gear, windlass, refrigerating and electric 
plants are kept in efficient state and at all times ready 
when required. 

On sailing days, or on departure from any port, the 
chief engineer must have his department in good order, 
steam maintained at the proper limit, and half an hour 
before the time of starting he must report to the sailing- 
master that his department is all ready, after which the 



73 

chief and his assistants must remain on duty until the 
yacht is clear of the pilot or the harbor cleared, when 
the first assistant engineer will take charge of the engine- 
room watch. 

Should the engineer of the watch find it necessary to 
stop his engines when underway, he shall at once send 
word to the sailing-m.aster or to the officer of the deck, 
and obtain his consent before stopping, except in cases 
of special emergency, when he will be justified in stop- 
ping without orders, but knowledge of the act must at 
once be sent to the officer of the deck. 

The chief engineer will have full control of regulating 
the amount of steam to be carried, using his own judg- 
ment as to what is necessary for the speed required. 

First Mate. 

It is common to refer to the first mate as the ''chief- 
officer." 

After being appointed the chief-officer, he should get 
an inventory of everything under his charge, and obtain 
from the boatsw^ain and carpenter a list of their stores 
also, and a memorandum of whatever else they require. 
He should see that the windlass is in good w^orking order, 
and inspect personally the boats, falls, running and stand- 
ing rigging, sails, sail-covers, awnings, etc., and each 
night should lay out the work for the boatswain and 



74 

give him orders concerning his work for the coming day. 
He should also observe that the carpenter attends to the 
sluices and sounds the well and tanks night and morning. 

When underway at sea, if the chief -officer does not 
stand watch, he should be about the decks all day to see 
that the boatswain is pushing the work along. 

The chief officer will also keep the log-book, copying 
into it from the rough or deck log, and should take sights 
of the sun for latitude and longitude, determine the devia- 
tion by azimuths of the sun, and keep the yachts run by 
dead-reckoning. The log-book must be ready each day 
at 2 bells (one o'clock p. m.), for inspection by the Sail- 
ing-Master. 

In anchoring, mooring and unmooring ship, the chief 
officer's place is on the forecastle, directing the handling 
of the bow-lines. 

When heaving up anchor, or when coming to anchor, 
the chief-officer's place is on the forecastle directing the 
handling of the cable according to orders from the Sailing- 
Master on the bridge. 

If the first officer stands deck watch, his bridge duties 
will be the same as those laid down for the second officer. 

Second Mate. 

In mooring and unmooring ship, the second officer's 
place is aft, and he is responsible for any accident that 



75 

occurs at his end of the yacht while docking or leaving 
dock, or when getting underway or coming* to anchor. 

When running out lines, or taking them in, he must 
be careful to keep them clear of the propeller, and in the 
event of a line getting foul of same he must at once make 
same known to the officer on the bridge, so that the 

engines may be stopped. 

When docking, a couple of cork-fenders should be 
kept handy on the quarters. 

After mooring, the ropes should be coiled down neatly 
and chafing gear put on where necessary, after which 
the men should be sent forward to the boatswain. 

When leaving port, the second mate should attend to 
the secure lashing of anything requiring it aft, and also 
see to it that the carpenter has secured the gangways, 
ports, etc. 

When coming to anchor, the second maters place is 
by the leadsman, when he does not take the lead himself. 

When at sea, before he relieves the bridge, he should 
take a turn around the deck fore and aft to see that 
there is nothing adrift and no evidences of anything 
wrong. 

He should never hesitate to call the Captain if in doubt 
about anything of an important nature — such as fog; if 
weather looks threatening; if the barometer is unsteady; 
if there is the sight or sound of broken w^ater. 



76 



The second mate must be particular to note everything 
correctly in the log-book for his watch, reading the patent 
log the last thing and entering the distance run for the 
preceding four hours. 

Boatswain. 

Upon reporting for duty the boatswain must ascertain 
the kind and quantity of the deck stores, cordage, sails, 
canvas, paints, brushes, salt-water-soap, brooms, etc., etc., 
because it is his duty to serve out such in keeping the 
yacht in order. 

He must inspect every time they are used cat-falls, 
mooring-lines, etc., and if they are found defective, he 
must at once make a report to the first mate. 

The boatswain remains on deck all day and takes 
charge of all the men engaged on deck work, receiving 
his orders each night from the first mate as to the char- 
acter of the work to be carried on the following day ; but 
he must also exercise his own judgment when he sees 
anything of a minor nature in his department requiring 
attention. u 

Carpenter. 

Upon reporting for duty the carpenter must overhaul 
all the sluices to see that they are in proper working 
order ; make himself familiar with the location of the 
sounding-pipe, water tanks^ etc. 



77 

He must also thoroughly understand the working of 
the windlass, and take personal charge of it when the 
anchors are being used. It is his special duty also to 
examine all dead lights for leaks, and to attend to the 
shipping and unshipping of the gangway ladders. 

The carpenter is under the direct orders of the chief- 
officer, and whenever the carpenter's services are required 
by the engineers, the chief-officer must have the applica- 
tion for the carpenter's services made to him. 

The carpenter must sound the tanks and welj_ every 
night and morning, note his remarks on the engine-room 
slate, and report as well to the officer of the deck — this 
must be done both at sea and in port. 

It is also the carpenter's duty to attend to the steering- 
gear and report at once to the chief mate any defect in 
the wheel-chains or mechanism. 

The carpenter has the keeping in repair of all the 
boats, spars, bulwarks, blocks, and in fact everything of 
a wooden nature on board the yacht. 

Quartermasters. 

The duties of quartermasters are to steer the yacht, 
keep the pilot house in order, clean all bright work 
belonging to his department in the way of binnacles, 
wheel, speaking tubes, steering-gear, step-plates, etc. 

LofC. 



7S 

They have charge of the bunting and are responsible for 
its condition, and it is also required of them that they 
shall be familiar with the signal code, and shall take the 
signal halliards under their personal care to insure their 
readiness for use. All the signal lanterns are under their 
charge, as is also the hand and deep-sea leads. When 
the yacht is at anchor, quartermasters stand regular watch 
and watch by day as well as by night, taking charge of the 
anchor watch. 

Steward. 

The duties of the steward are varied, and the com- 
fort and happiness of the yacht depend upon his ability, 
integrity, and ambition to keep a contented ship fore 
and aft. 

Whether he is serving on a small yacht or a large one, 
he should remember that the money of the millionaire 
owner should not be any more recklessly spent by the 
steward than the money of the man who can afford yacht- 
ing in only a very modest way. Besides this, the steward 
should be a man of sufficiently high moral character to 
realize that waste of any kind is wicked. 

It matters, not how rich an owner may be, he is just 
as sensitive to the foolish expenditure of his money as 
is his less pretentious yachting friend, and no steward 



79 

should conduct his department on the theory that the 
owner is too well off to be at all concerned whether it 
costs five dollars a day to provision the yacht or five 
hundred. 

There are stewards who personally are strictly honest, 
but who are either careless in the quantity of the pur- 
chases, or who leave entirely too much to the cook — who 
think it too great a trouble to look into ''pots and pans,'' 
or who avoid any such supervision for fear of offending 
the autocrat of the galley. This is all wrong. The cook 
is under the direction and orders of the steward, and if 
the latter is the proper sort of official he will not allow 
any other interpretation of his authority. 

If under-stewards are carried, they are simply aids 
to the steward, whose orders they will at all times unques- 
tionably obey, and to insure the smooth running of this 
department, the owner should authorize the steward to 
select his subordinates. 

It goes without saying that all the provisions on board 
are under his care, and that he should at all times know 
the amount of stores on hand in his department. He 
should keep an expenditure book showing credit and 
debit sides, so as to be able quickly to know how much 
money he has received from the owner, and what amount 
of same he has expended. 

In addition to his care of the owner's wardrobe, the 



8o 



silverware, glass, crockery, bedding and linen, both in 
the cabins and officers' quarters, he is responsible also 
for fixtures in the way of lamps, cushions, furniture, etc. 

He should, in addition to his supervision of the cabins, 
inspect the officers' rooms every morning to see that same 
are sweet and clean. He must demand that everything 
in the kitchen is kept shining ; that the brass work on the 
inside of all skylights to cabin and officers' quarters, and 
the hand-rails to companionway are at all times carefully 
polished. 

Whenever it is desired to brush rugs and mats on 
deck, he should always notify the mate, so that proper 
precautions may be taken to prevent dust from injuring 
anything about decks in the way of fesh paint, varnish, 
etc. 

When it is necessary that he should go ashore for 
provisions, ice, etc., he should notify the Sailing- [Master 
sufficiently ahead of time so that the boat-service required 
may not interfere with the regular deck work. 

In the case of guests his duty is to contribute in 
everyway possible to their comfort and pleasure while 
on board, realizing that by so doing he is not only ful- 
filling another of his functions, but that he is rendering 
the greatest satisfaction to the owner, whose pleasure it 
is to know that the outing offered his friends is being 



made as pleasant as possible. 



8i 



Surgeon, 



In the event of a surgeon being carried, it will be the 
duty of this officer to look after the general health of all 
on board, and to be keenly alive to the sanitary condi- 
tion of the yacht. 

Whenever an inspection of the vessel is being held, it 
is his place to accompany the Captain on his rounds, and 
to offer needful suggestions. 

When the yacht's water tanks- are to be filled, he 
should inspect the quality of the water offered, and should 
analyze same if he is suspicious that it may be unhealthy 
owing to the presence of vegetable matter, etc. 

Should sickness occur among the crew, he should 
take proper precautions to isolate the man so far as 
possible until a satisfactory diagnosis of the case assures 
him as to the character of the illness. 



SYNOPSIS OF U. S. LAWS GOVERNING AMERI- 
CAN STEAM AND SAIL YACHTS, AND 
FOREIGN YACHTS IN U. S. 
WATERS. 

1. A yacht must be licensed. 

A license authorizes a yacht to sail from port to port 
of the United States, and by sea to foreign ports, without 
entrance or clearance, and absolves her from the payment 
of tonnage duty and light money; but upon the return 
of a yacht from a foreign port she must enter at the 
Custom House of the port of her first arrival. 

To enter a vessel, it is necessary to have a manifest 
with two copies ready on arrival. The revenue cutter 
may take one, the boarding officer another, while the third 
is produced by the Master before the Collector. 

The Master makes oath to its truth. The manifest 
should specify ship's stores, and state that no cargo is 
carried. 

2. In going foreign a yacht captain may have a certi- 
fied crew list and shipping articles (sign his crew to 
articles), although it is not compulsory. 

3. Whether or not, in going foreign, a bill of health 
for the vessel would be needed, would depend upon the 



83 

laws of the country of her destination. If it is decided to 
carry same, it mav be obtained from the Custom House 
upon demand, provided the port sailing from is in a 
normal condition of healthfulness. 

4. A foreign yacht arriving from abroad must be 
entered at the port of her first arrival ; but tonnage duty 
is not exacted, provided she belongs to a regularly organ- 
ized and incorporated yacht club. 

5. A pleasure vessel purchased by a citizen from an 
alien has the same privileges as a vessel buift in the 
United States, except that she canont be documented. 
She is subject to light money of fifty cents per ton on 
arrival at each port, although this is seldom enforced. 

6. If a foreign yacht should be wrecked in U. S. 
waters, and be purchased by a citizen, who expends upon 
her in repairs three times as much as he paid for her 
as a wreck, she could be documented as a yacht of the 
United States. 

7. A foreign-built yacht owned by a citizen may fly 
the U. S. flag, but not the American yacht ensign, accord- 
ing to law, which ensign is prescribed for American-built 
yachts only ; but it is often flown contrary to law. 

8. For a sailing yacht the name of the vessel and 
port must be placed conspicuously upon the stern. The 
letters to be not less than three inches in length. 

9. The name of a screw steamer yacht, and her 



84 

port, must be placed on the stern in letters six inches in 
length, and upon each outer side of the pilot-house ; but 
if she be a side-wheel vessel, the name must be painted 
on the outside of each paddle-box also. 

10. The painting of the name upon the bows of 
yachts is optional with the owner. 

11. Any vessel propelled in whole or in part by 
steam is declared a steam vessel within the meaning of 
the law. 

12. The hull and boiler of a steam yacht is subject to 
annual inspection by the U. S. Board of Local Inspectors. 

13. No steam yacht, whatever her size, is permitted 
to be navigated without a licensed master or pilot, and 
engineer, under penalty of a fine of one hundred dollars 
for each offense. 

14. Masters, mates, pilots, and engineers, upon giv- 
ing satisfactory evidence of their qualifications, may be 
licensed by the U. S. Local Inspectors for the term of 
five years, but the license may be revoked for cause. 

15. Every licensed officer must have his license 
framed under glass, and posted in a conspicuous place 
on board the vessel, under penalty of revocation or one 
hundred dollars fine. 

16. Any one who employs an unlicensed officer is 
subject to a fine of one hundred dollars. 

17. The Local Inspectors are authorized to suspend 



85 

or revoke, upon satisfactory evidence, the license of any 
officer for bad conduct, drunkenness, inattention to duty, 
or incapacity. 

i8. -If an owner proves to the Local Inspectors that 
his engineer has allowed his boiler to burn, and that he 
has not kept his engine and machinery in good order, 
the Inspectors are authorized to degrade him. 

19. The fees previously charged for licenses to offi- 
cers, and for inspections and examinations of vessels of 
the United States, were abolished in 1886. 

20. A yacht of any foreign nation, which extends 
like courtesies to the United States, provided the yacht 
belongs to a regularly organized and incorporated yacht 
club, is privileged to arrive at and depart from port to 
port of the United States without making entrance or 
clearance, but when arriving from a foreign port she 
must enter at the port of her first arrival in the United 
States. 

If the yacht does not belong to such a nation, or does 
not belong to such a yacht club, she must enter at and 
clear from every port of the United States she goes into. 

21. A commission to sail for pleasure, in any desig- 
nated yacht belonging to a regularly organized and in- 
corporated yacht club, may be obtained from the Treasury 
Department through the Collector of Customs at the port 
where the yacht may be. It does not supersede the license, 



86 



but is in addition to it, and is only issued by yachts going 
abroad to secure more extended courtesies. It is issued 
for the voyage only, and must be surrendered at the 
port of her first arrival on her return to the United 
States. 

22, Yachts of 20 tons and upwards must also be 
enrolled. (1899 Laws.l 

23. According to law, the owner of a steam yacht 
may secure a license to command and pilot his own 
vessel, provided he passes the examination required by 
the U. S. Local Inspectors of Steam Vessels. 



INDEX 



BOAT SERVICE. . paob 

Boat Ceremony and Discipline 49 

Boat Orders • . 49 

Boat Salutes and Management • . . . 51 

Particulars Concerning Boats 47 

CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES. 

Captain of Visiting Yacht Pays Respects ...... 29 

Commodore's Duties — Commissioning Club 35 

Commodore's Duties — Club in Commission , . ... . 36 

Commodore's Duties — Going Out of Commission ... 38 

Duties of the Fleet Captain 40 

Honors to the Captain Embarking 39 

Honors to the Captain Disembarking 39 

Putting Yacht In Commission 34 

Putting Yacht Out of Commission 34 

Quarter-Deck to be Saluted . 29 

Reception of the President 30 

Reception of the Vice-President 31 

Reception of Secretary of Navy 31 

Reception of Cabinet Officers 31 

Reception of a Governor 32 

Reception of Foreign Sovereign 32 

Reception of Royalty 32 

Reception of Naval Officers 32 

Reception of Army Officers 32 



CEREMONIES AND COURTESIES— C^;^//;^^^^. page 

Reception of Other Officials 33 

Reception of Flag Officers 33 

Reception of Diplomatic Corps 33 

Senior Officer Returns Salutes and Visits 29 

Senior Officer Tenders Civilities 29 

Yacht Joining Squadron 29 

COLORS IN GENERAL. 

Absent Flag 14 

At Anchor with Naval Vessels 13 

Before Colors or After Sunset 13 

Boat Engaged in Funeral Ceremony 19 

Burgee and Private Signal Broken Out 16 

Colors in Yacht's Boats 15 

Colors to be Well Hoisted 16 

Commodore Cruising with Another Club 24 

Commodore's Night and Day Pennant 25 

Commodore's Private Signal 25 

Day Signals for Pilots ' 21 

Death of Captain 17 

Death of Club Member 18 

Death of Flag Officer 17 

Death of One of the Crew 19 

Dressing Ship 22 

Ensign When Passing Light Houses, Etc 15 

Ensign When Passing: Naval Vessels 15 

Entering or Leaving Port 13 

Flag Officer Entering Another Harbor 25 

Flag Officer's Pennant 16 

Hauling Down Half-Mast Colors iS 

Hours for Half-Masting Colors 19 

How to Half-Mast Colors 18 



COLORS IX GENERAL— a;;///>/?^^^. page 

Jack — When Displayed 26 

Making Colors 19 

Making Sunset 20 

Mastless Yachts 16 

Meal Pennants 14 

National Mourning 17 

Night Pennant 13 

Night Signals for Pilots . 21; 

Off a Naval Station 13 

Permission to Half -Mast Colors 19 

Place to Display Colors 11 

Saluting with Ensign Half -Mast 18 

Senior Officer Gives the Time 12 

Signal for Towing Boat 22 

Single Stickers 14 

Sunrise and Sunset 12 

Time to Make Colors 11 

Visiting Another Club . . • 13 

Yacht Flags and How They Are L'sed 11 

Yacht Short Handed 16 

DUTIES OF OFFICERS. 

Boatswain 76 

Captain 65 

Carpenter 76 

Chief Engineer 70 

First Mate 73 

Quartermasters 77 

Sailing Master 68 

Second Mate 74 

Steward 78 

Surgeon 81 



GOVERNMENT OF THE YACHT. p^g^ 

At Anchor at Night 62 

Boat Haiis 62 

Concerning Watches 63 

Ship's Bells 56 

The Boatswain's Call 57 

Underway at Night 61 

Yacht Routine 58 

SALUTES IN GENERAL. 

Boat Salutes 46 

Colors and Sunset Gun 41 

Dipping the Ensign 42 

Flag Officer's Official Visit 44 

Guns Between Sunset and Colors 41 

Guns on Sunday 41 

Judges' Yacht not Saluted 45 

Junior Officer Entering Harbor . 43 

Official Salute to Another Club 44 

Ordinary Salute to Commodore 43 

Postponed Salutes 45 

Salute of Passing Yachts 42 

Salute to Quarter-Deck 46 

Salute to Yacht Entering 42 

Salutes Between Squadrons 45 

Salutes to Naval Vessels 41 

Salutes Upon Entering Harbor 42 

Salutes When Meeting at Sea 42 

Senior Officer Leaving Harbor 44 

Single Yacht and Squadron . 45 

Special Salute to Commodore 43 

Steam Whistles Not to be Used 42 

When Firing Guns is Prohibited 46 

When Making Signals is Prohibited 46 



SPECIAL LIGHTS. paob 

Absent Lights 27 

Commodore's Lights 27 

Dinner Light 28 

Lanterns Under Boom 28 

Rear-Commodore's Lights 27 

Vice-Commodore's Lights 27 

SYNOPSIS OF U. S. YACHTING LAWS. 

Bill of Health 82 

Documenting of a Foreign Yacht . . . . , 83 

Entering a Yacht 82 

Fine for Unlicensed Officers 84 

Foreign Yacht May Fly American Flag 83 

Foreign Yacht Must Enter 83 

Foreign Yachts Visiting the U. S 85 

Hailing Port Must be Showm 83 

Inspection of Hull and Boiler 84 

Licensed Master, Pilot and Engineer 84 

Light Money 83 

Name of Yacht to be Displayed 83 

Owner's Licenses as Master and Pilot 86 

Shipping Articles 82 

Suspension of License 84 

Tonnage Duty 83 

What Constitutes a Steam Vessel 84 

Yacht Commission 86 

Yacht Enrollment 86 

Yacht License Privileges 82 

Yacht's Manifest 82 



YACHTSMAN'S LIBRARY 



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its kindred sports. The yachtsman will find here those 
books which are invaluable as guides to a higher know- 
ledge of yachting, and which no yachtsman's library is 
complete without. Any book not here listed, if in print, 
we will obtain, no matter in what language or land it is 

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On Yachts^Y&cht Handling 



By THOMAS FLEMING DAY 



CONTENTS 



On Seamanship On Seagoing Boats 

On Boats in General On Sails as an Auxiliary 

On One- Man Boats On Keefmg 



On Anchors and Anchoring: 

On Rigging 

On Straiidinpr / 



IN this book Mr. Day has dropped all tech-/ 
nical terms that are apt to be confusing-/"' 
to the novice and has made a simple 
explanation of the handling and 
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alone is worth more than 
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MOTOR LAONCHES 

By E. W. ROBERTS, M. E. 

Author of the Gas Engine Handbook 



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How to Build a 
Motor Launch 

By C. D. Mower 

Designing Editor of Thk R- dder 

A simple and practical work in every de- 
tail, showing how to construct a launch hull 
suitable for use with any description of motor. 

Each step of the work is clearly and thoroughly ex- 
plained, both by text and drawings, so that a man who has 
never even seen a boat built will have no difficulty in 
understanding the process. 



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a 

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The author, a self-taught boat builder, thoroughly ^ 

comprehends what a novice does not know, and is, there- UD 

fore, able to point out the hard places, and to show the 3 

amateur builder how to get over or around them. [5 

In the after part of the book are given the designs of ra 

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The whole is heavily illustrated, and is the most rrj 




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THJS RUDDER PUB. CO. fSl 

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J^OW TO guiLD A ^ACER FOR JgQ 




SIMPLEST, safest and fastest boat that can be built. The working plans are such that 
a boy can build from them. The plans were published in 1898, and since then some 
500 boats have been built from them. The book has numerous illustrations of boats in and 
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HOW TO BUILD 
A RACING SLOOP 

THE WIDE-WORLD WINNING SWALLOW 



DESIGNED BY C. D. MOWER 



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OST successful small racing machine ever de- 
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and a host of other designers. 

Easy to build and easy to win with. Has been a 
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How To BUILD A KNOCKABOUT 

The most wholesome type of boat for all-around cruising and racing. 
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How to Build a Model Yacht 

By HERBERT FISHER 

Complete and understandable description of the process of model building, profusely illus- 
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Plans of skiTused to follow models 




HOW TO SAIL A MODEL YACHT, 

HOW TO CUT AND MAKE SAILS 

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The favorite American rig — THE SLOOP: 
Shoal-draught, so as to find favor where 
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How to Build a 

Shoal-Draught Sloop 

Principal dimensions of this boat are: 
Length over all, 24 feet; on water line, 
15 feet; draught, 8 inches; breadth, 7 
feet 6 inches. Harder to build than 
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How to Build a Flattie or Sharpie 

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Manual of the Canvas Canoe. By Webb 1.35 

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The Nation's Navy. By Morris 1.50 

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Tables for Constructing Ships' Lines. By Hogg 2 00 

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